Ma`rifat Eqtesadi

Theory testing in Islamic economics is a subject that has received relatively little scholarly attention. The central question in this regard is how the validity of Islamic economic theories can be tested. This study employs an analytical approach to examine the method of theory testing in Islamic economics, considering the diversity of theoretical frameworks. Based on the article’s hypothesis, the methods of theory testing in Islamic economics vary according to the normative, positive, and prescriptive nature of the theories. The findings confirm this distinction. Accordingly, testing a normative theory in Islamic economics requires examining its reliance on Islamic textual sources. The evaluation of a positive theory necessitates its conformity with empirical evidence, which may range from historical and statistical to behavioral data—though positive propositions derived directly from the Qur’an and Hadith are not empirically testable; instead, supporting evidence may be provided to convince the audience. As for prescriptive theories, testing involves not only the assessment of their underlying normative and positive claims but also the provision of empirical evidence demonstrating the practical efficacy of the recommended policy. This entails a combination of shariah compliance testing, empirical coherence, and operational effectiveness. The above pertains to the testing of the material content of arguments in each theory type. Prior to engaging in substantive testing, a formal assessment of the theory must be conducted to ensure that its logical structure is free from inferential fallacies.