Ma`rifat Eqtesadi

Conventional economic models often define the relationship between the state and the people based on the opposition or separation of duties. This research seeks to answer the question of what is the Islamic model of this relationship based on and what consequences does it have in the division of duties? Using a descriptive-analytical method and citing the sources of the Holy Quran, narrations, and textual analysis, this research explores the concepts of “wilayah” and “ma’iyat” (companionship). The findings show that in the Islamic intellectual system, the relationship between the state (meaning the guardian and the Imam) and the people is a two-way, intertwined relationship based on “wilayah” that originates from the concept of divine guardianship. This relationship goes beyond opposition and reaches the concept of "subordination"; in such a way that the state and the people seem to be "one unit" and have common duties in establishing the religion. The cornerstone of this unified model is "monotheistic education". The more successful the society is in this matter, the more successful the degree of "subordination" of the people with the state in carrying out its duties will be, the more the number of government agents will be, and the government will be more agile and its work will be easier for it. On the other hand, the more the monotheistic education is neglected, the state will remain and the duties will remain, and the state without the people will gradually lead to disobedience and submission, and finally to dictatorship or dissolution. This theory helps to solve the long-standing challenge of state intervention or non-intervention in the market mechanism and, as a result, the distribution of income and wealth, and economic growth and progress.