Ma`rifat Eqtesadi

Throughout history, wars have imposed great costs on governments and nations. Governments have used diverse and damaging methods to secure financial resources for war. The experience of the early Islamic period shows that, in addition to pursuing the economic progress of the society, the Holy Prophet managed and financed numerous wars and campaigns at the lowest cost. Using descriptive-analytical method and historical studies and based on a new reading of the budgeting system of the prophet’s government in the military sphere from the perspective of a “program budget”, this article seeks to classify the Jihad-defense expenses of the Holy Prophet as a model. Based on the findings of the article, the Holy Prophet minimized the huge financial and human costs by using efficient methods including creating the Jihad culture and popularization. Lots of potential costs were managed before the war by strengthening security convergence, numerous treaties and planned outsourcing. In case of victory, a part of the spoils was divided among the warriors and the rest was spent on other military expenses and even the current expenses of the government based on specific financial rules.