With an analytical-critical approach, this article reviews the theory of comparative advantage in the context of Iran's economy under sanctions, and by emphasizing the foundations of Islamic economics, it suggests the necessity of moving from classical models to the concept of "strategic advantage". The findings of the research indicate the ineffectiveness of the traditional framework of comparative advantage in the conditions of sanctions, geopolitical shocks and structural limitations. Iran's experience in recent decades has shown that relying solely on comparative advantage has not only created sustainable development, but has also increased dependence on imports and economic vulnerability. Based on this, the article emphasizes the need to change the approach towards strategic advantage; An approach that is based on principles such as technological self-sufficiency, strengthening human capital, institutional resilience, social justice and smart governance. The present study, using the descriptive-analytical method and comparative review of global experiences, shows that the comparative advantage model is no longer the answer to the specific challenges of Iran's economy. Therefore, changing the paradigm towards strategic advantage is a necessary solution to achieve a resistant, innovative and stable economy and will be the basis for Iran's effective role in the global value chain.
Title :گذار از مزیت نسبی به مزیت استراتژیک: تحول پارادایمیک در اقتصاد تحریمی ایران بر اساس اقتصاد اسلامی
Abstract:
این مقاله با رویکردی تحلیلی ـ انتقادی به بازنگری نظریۀ مزیت نسبی در بستر اقتصاد ایران تحت تحریم میپردازد و با تأکید بر مبانی اقتصاد اسلامی، ضرورت عبور از الگوهای کلاسیک بهسوی مفهوم «مزیت استراتژیک» را مطرح میکند. یافتههای پژوهش حاکی از ناکارآمدی چارچوب سنتی مزیت نسبی در شرایط تحریم، شوکهای ژئوپلیتیکی و محدودیتهای ساختاری است. تجربۀ ایران در دهههای اخیر نشان داده که تکیه صرف بر مزیت نسبی نهتنها توسعۀ پایدار ایجاد نکرده، بلکه وابستگی به واردات و آسیبپذیری اقتصادی را افزایش داده است. بر این اساس، مقاله بر لزوم تغییر رویکرد به سمت مزیت استراتژیک تأکید میکند؛ رویکردی که بر اصولی چون خودکفایی فناورانه، تقویت سرمایۀ انسانی، تابآوری نهادی، عدالت اجتماعی و حکمرانی هوشمند مبتنی است. مطالعۀ حاضر با استفاده از روش توصیفی ـ تحلیلی و مرور تطبیقی تجارب جهانی، نشان میدهد که مدل مزیت نسبی دیگر پاسخگوی چالشهای خاص اقتصاد ایران نیست. بنابراین تغییر پارادایم بهسوی مزیت استراتژیک راهکاری ضروری برای دستیابی به اقتصادی مقاوم، نوآور و پایدار بوده و زمینهساز نقشآفرینی مؤثر ایران در زنجیرۀ ارزش جهانی خواهد بود.
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Mohammad Saeid Panahi Boroojerdi."Transition from comparative advantage to strategic advantage: Paradigmatic transformation in Iran's embargoed economy based on Islamic economics". Ma`rifat-e Eghtesad-e Islami, 17, 1, 2026, 153-173
Panahi Boroojerdi, M.(2026) 'Transition from comparative advantage to strategic advantage: Paradigmatic transformation in Iran's embargoed economy based on Islamic economics', Ma`rifat-e Eghtesad-e Islami, 17(1), pp. 153-173
Panahi Boroojerdi, M. Transition from comparative advantage to strategic advantage: Paradigmatic transformation in Iran's embargoed economy based on Islamic economics. Ma`rifat-e Eghtesad-e Islami, 2026; 17(1): 153-173