Ma`rifat Eqtesadi

This article adopts an analytical-critical approach to fundamentally reassess the theory of comparative advantage within the context of Iran's economy under sanctions. Emphasizing the foundations of Islamic economics, it highlights the necessity of moving beyond classical models toward the concept of "strategic advantage." The first part of the article examines the inefficiency of the traditional comparative advantage framework in environments affected by sanctions, geopolitical shocks, and structural constraints. Iran's experience over recent decades demonstrates that relying solely on comparative advantage has not led to sustainable development; rather, it has increased economic vulnerability and deepened dependence on imports of intermediate goods and advanced technologies. Accordingly, the article proposes strategic advantage as an alternative, grounded in principles such as technological self-sufficiency, human capital development, institutional resilience, social justice, and smart governance. Using a descriptive-analytical method and a comparative review of global experiences, the study argues that the traditional model of comparative advantage is no longer adequate for Iran’s current challenges. Therefore, a paradigm shift toward strategic advantage is essential for transitioning from a vulnerable, stagnant economy to one that is resilient, innovative, and sustainable—ultimately enabling Iran to secure a stable and competitive position in the global value chain.