معرفت اقتصاد اسلامی

This study aims to construct an index of charity sector regulatory quality and examine its effect on charity sector performance, with particular emphasis on differences between Islamic and non-Islamic countries. The statistical population comprises countries selected from four institutional models, with the final sample consisting of 12 countries, equally distributed between 6 Islamic and 6 non-Islamic countries. The study covers the period 2012–2024, and the data are analyzed using panel-data methods. To measure regulatory quality, seven criteria derived from the theoretical foundations are weighted and aggregated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to construct the Charity Sector Regulatory Quality Index. The effect of this index on charity sector performance is then estimated using a panel-data model incorporating an interaction term between regulatory quality and the Islamic context. The results show that the coefficient of regulatory quality is 0.347 and statistically significant, indicating that higher regulatory quality is associated with improved charity sector performance. The coefficient of the interaction between regulatory quality and the Islamic context is 0.186 and statistically significant, indicating that the effect of regulatory quality on charity sector performance differs between Islamic and non-Islamic institutional contexts. The coefficient of gross domestic product is 0.215 and statistically significant, while the coefficient of population is 0.128 and statistically significant. These findings indicate that regulatory quality affects charity sector performance not only directly but also through its interaction with the institutional and normative context of countries.