Abstract:
This study provides a comparative analysis of rationality in game theory within conventional economics and Islamic economics. Game theory, as a mathematical framework for strategic decision-making, primarily relies on instrumental rationality, self-interest, consequentialist ethics, and secular justice. This approach faces limitations, particularly in accounting for human behavior influenced by ethical and social values. In contrast, Islamic economics emphasizes comprehensive rationality, encompassing instrumental, ethical, and justice-oriented dimensions, integrating Shariah rules, prohibition of usury, and fairness in decision-making. Comparative analysis indicates that incorporating ethical and justice considerations into economic models can better predict actual economic behavior and promote equitable, legitimate economic policies. The findings suggest that Islamic rationality can complement instrumental rationality in economic analysis and contribute to the design of sustainable and ethically grounded institutions and policies.